Unit 3
Text
study: Robots Move in.
Additional
Text: What can Robots Do?
Grammar: revision of tense forms
1.
Repeat the words in chorus:
glass-tube, environmental,
furnaces, exhausting, to be surrounded by, constructively, modifiable, to be
reoriented.
2.
While reading the text you will come across a number of international words.
Try to guess what Ukrainian words they remind of you:
Operator,
metal, temperature, radiation, monotonous, toxic, material, scene, practically,
giant, problem, social, economic.
3.
Pay attention to some grammatical points:
1) You can find robots
practically anywhere you look. 2) The experts
themselves are yet to clear up many questions. 3) Robot must be
constructively designed together with the machine tools it is to operate and must be logically incorporated
within the system of machines, machine tools and other units.
II. Reading
Read the text and be ready to find in the text the answers
to the following questions:
·
What kinds of robots are
people surrounded now?
·
How are specialized
enterprises reoriented as to the production of robots?
Robots Move in
Imagine
the real working conditions for a human operator by, for example, transfer of a
hot formed glass-tube, removal of hot metal die castings or plastics injection.
The environmental temperature is above
The
necessity of some form of automated handling processes became obvious. So
robots appeared on the scene with their high safety and reliability level.
We are
now surrounded by robots, big ones, little ones, and medium-sized ones. They
serve us in thousands of ways every day.
You
can find robots practically anywhere you look. In factories there are giant
robots. They pick up great amounts of raw materials and pass them to other,
robots which press, stamp and shape the raw material into a wide variety of
things. Robot usage has been expanding for industrial spraying, hot handling,
assembly, welding, etc.
According
to available data, our industry receives annually thousands of robots of
different types and purposes. Today, robotic systems, lines and modules are
already operating at the leading plants of the motor, electrical engineering,
machine-tool industries.
Robotics
is just beginning to make inroads in industrial production worldwide. It is not
a simple process; the experts themselves are yet to clear up many questions.
But everyone agrees even now that the robot by itself does nothing – it must be
constructively designed together with the machine tools it is to operate and
must be logically incorporated within the system of machines, machine tools and
other units.
The
problem is not to design individual robots but robotical complexes, flexible
and automated production systems that are easily modifiable for the manufacture
of ever new kinds of products. Single-handed, even the "cleverest"
and most skilful robot is not yet a soldier in the field. Even many robots are
not effective piecemeal, unless they are united into a technological chain.
Specialized enterprises are reoriented from the production of industrial robots
by piece, toward the manufacture of complete systems and robotized complex
instruments with the assessment of their performance by the end result the
quality and volume of the produce made with their assistance.
This
task is presently being tackled by our industry and economy. As to
robotization, the utmost economic and social effect will be brought about by
systems capable of taking over all the routine stages of designing, design
support and the production of output.
Robots
release workers from monotonous and very hard work, requiring no skilled labour, in hot shops and in
production with hazardous working conditions.
Vocabulary Notes
working
conditions — умови праці
human-operator — людина-оператор
environmental temperature [In'aIqrqnmqntl] — температура оточуючого
середовища
plastics injection [In'dZekS(q)n] — вдування
пластмаси
reliability level [I"laIqbIqtI] — рівень надійності
to pick up — підбирати
a wide
variety (of things) — широка різноманітність (речей)
industrial
spraying — промислове
розпилення
hot
handling — термообробка
to make
inroads (in) ['InrqVdz] — втручатися (в)
to
clear up — з'ясувати
robot by
itself ['rqVbPt] — робот сам по собі
robotical
complex — роботизований комплекс
flexible and
automated production systems — гнучкі та автоматизовані виробничі системи
single-handed
robot — одноцільовий
робот
piecemeal = by
piece ['pJsmJl] — частинами, частково
assessment of
their performance [q'sesmqnt] — оцінка їх роботи
design
support —конструкторське
забезпечення
hazardous
working conditions ['hxzqdqs] — ризиковані
(небезпечні)умови праці
to
bring about — здійснювати
to take
over — передавати (обов’язки, позиції
тощо)
Comprehension
1. Tell what sentences are true and what are false.
1) The necessity of robot construction appeared due to different
hasardous enterprises. 2) Nowadays robot is a curiosity in our life. 3) It is
very simple
for robots to make inroads in industrial production worldwide. 4) The most
important question is to design robotical complexes available
for the manufacture of ever new kinds of products. 5) Single-handed robots are the
"cleverest" and most skilful ones. 6) Robots cannot substitute men in
unskilled and dangerous work.
2. Complete the sentences:
1) Robot usage has been expanding for … . 2)
Today, robotic systems, lines and modules are already operating at … . 3) Robotics is just beginning to make …
. 4) The robot by itself does nothing – … . 5)
The problem is not to design individual robots but … .
6) Even many robots are not effective piecemeal, unless … .
7) As to robotization, the utmost economic and social effect will be brought
about by … .
3. Choose the right answer:
1) Why did the necessity of some form of automated handling processes become
obvious?
a) because it is very cheap and convenient;
b) because at great amount of enterprises the work becomes
highly dangerous for a man's life;
c) because it helps to prrotect environment.
2) Where are robotic systems, lines and modules operating today?
a) at light industry enterprises;
b) at different educational establishments;
c) at the leading plants of the motor, electrical
engineering, machine-tool industries.
3) Why can the robot by itself do nothing?– it
must be constructively designed together with the machine tools
a) because our industry receives annually
thousands of robots of different types and purposes;
b) because individual robots are easily
modifiable for the manufacture of ever new kinds of products;
c) because it must be logically
incorporated within the system of machines, machine tools and other units.
4) What are specialized enterprises oriented to?
a) they are reoriented from the production
of industrial robots by piece, toward the manufacture of complete systems and
robotized complex instruments;
b) they are oriented to the production of new kinds of
products;
c) they are oriented to the robots which
press, stamp and shape the raw material into a wide variety of things.
5) How will the utmost economic and social effect be brought about?
a) by systems capable of taking over a technological
chain;
b) by systems capable of taking over the hasardous
working conditions for a human operator;
c) by systems capable of taking over all the routine
stages of designing, design support and the production of output.
1) Why do robots release workers from monotonous and very hard work?
a) because this work requires unskilled labour in production with hazardous
working conditions.
b) because because this work is very difficult
and unpleasant;
c) because because this work requires new technologies.
4. Answer the
questions:
1) What are the real working conditions for a human operator by removal of hot metal
die castings or plastics injection? 2) How can you characterize this kind of
job? 3) What is the necessity of industrial automated handling caused by? 4)
What can robots do at big enterprises? 5) What is the main problem of the
development of robotics in industry? 6) What are specialized enterprises reoriented
toward? 7) What do robots release workers from?
5.
Find as quickly as possible and read out the sentences containing the following
important information:
*6.
Try to tell the gist of the text.
Word Study
1. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the
following.
glass-tube, heat
radiation, automated handling processes, medium-sized robots, raw material,
industrial spraying, machine-tool industries, robot by itself, easily
modifiable, to be tackled by, routine stage, hazardous working conditions.
2. Give English equivalents of the
following.
Умови
роботи, температура оточуючого середовища, теплова радіація, виснажлива робота,
обробка токсичного матеріалу, процес обробки, рівень надійності, провідні
заводи, гнучкі виробничі системи, випуск готової продукції.
3. Match the words in
A with their synonyms in B:
A B
real a lot of
human big
for example help
dangerous true
level project
giant output
design man
many for instance
production stage
assistance hazardous
4. Fill in the gaps
with the words from Vocabulary Notes in the appropriate form.
hot handling / single-handed / environmental temperature
/ to make inroads / assessment of their performance / wide variety of things /
by piece / robot by itself
1) The … is above
5. Translate sentences into English using
words and word combinations from the Vocabulary Notes.
1)
Людина-оператор не може замінити робота у небезпечних умовах роботи. 2)
Температура оточуючого середовища для роботів може перевищувати
Grammar in Use
1. Fill in the gaps in
the following sentences using the appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
1). Some decades ago the words
"automation", "automatic control" seldom (to appear) on the
pages of the press or scientific publications. 2). The
man (to remain) the principal agent of the technological process. 3) Last year
a lot of automated control systems (to go) into operation at different
enterprises and organizations. 4). In 1990s the main trend in automation (to
develop) various technological processes and systems. 5). Flexible
manufacturing systems (to be) the best
way to meet the demands of industry
2. Make up questions to which
the underlined words are the answers:
1) Automation replaces human muscle by mechanical power. 2) These
machines confined human operator to two kinds of work. 3) Since then
technical development has been gradual and continuous. 4) The transfer-machine
combines automatic machining with automatic transfer between operations. 5) All loading and unloading is done mechanically.
6) During the Middle Ages, windmills had been
made. 7) Automation was first applied to industry in continuous
process manufacturing.
3. Open the brackets
using the appropriate form of the verb.
1). Robots already (to demonstrate) an ability to perform work that (to
require) simple repetitive motions and, therefore, can relieve human operators
from hazardous or monotonous tasks. 2). The number of
types of electromechanical robots continually (to increase). 3). In forging
operations, robots (to be) used to transfer hot billets from furnaces to forging presses to transfer parts from die to die in successive
forming operations. 4). For last decades many ways (to
be) tried to increase productivity on assembly lines. 5). To
test different kinds of acceleration couches, scientists (to build) robots that
look and "feel" like men.
Additional Text
(for individual work)
Read and translate
the text.
What can robots do?
In addition to their many practical uses, robots are
helping our research scientists answer many difficult questions. Robots help
astronomers find and track new stars and lead the way to new and better
rockets. They even help scholars figure out the meaning of documents written
near the beginning of man's history.
Very
few of the robots we have talked about up to now have looked like men. That's
because robots are specialists.
There
are some robots, however, that are made to look and react like men. That is their specialized task. They are the robots
that researchers use to find out what will happen to a human body under a variety
of situations.
One of the things that space researchers want to know
is what kind of seat is the best for rocket passengers. The blast-off of a
rocket will
exert tremendous pressures on anyone riding in the rocket. Because of that, a
rocket will have to have specially designed seats to protect its passengers.
These seats are called "acceleration couches".
To test different kinds of acceleration couches,
scientists have built dummies that look and "feel" like men. They
have "bones" and "blood" and "flesh". Inside these
robots are instruments that tell how much pressure and strain is exerted on
each part of the body. These robots are placed on acceleration couches and
subjected to pressures like those that would be present in an actual rocket
take-off. The measuring devices inside the dummy tell the scientists whether or
not the acceleration couch would prevent the blast-off pressure from injuring
or killing a man.
1. Divide the text into the
logical parts and give a title to each one.
2. Put questions to
the text.
3. Discuss it with
your groupmates.