Unit
3
Additional Text. Analog Transmission.
Grammar: Non-finnite forms of the verb. Gerund.
Text Study
1. Repeat the words in
chorus:
To require, resources, to
launch, to be configured, to exchange, major, existence, recreational,
frivolous, phenomenon.
2. While reading the text you
will come across a number of international words. Try to guess what Ukrainian
words they remind of you:
Program, catalogs, services,
address, method, option, personal, global, electronic, system, million,
information, discussion, group, central, machine, forum, to organize, real,
sponsor, channel, specific, phenomenon.
3. Pay attention to some
grammatical points:
1) Some services require you to connect to a specific port on
the computer. 2) A Telnet program must
be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web browser in order to work. 3) This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers. 4) While many are academic in nature,
numerous newsgroups are organized around recreational topics. 5) While many topics are frivolous,
substantive conversations are also taking place.
II.
Reading
Read the text and be ready to find in the text the answers to the
following questions:
Telnet is a program that
allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online databases,
library catalogs, chat services, and more. To Telnet to a computer, you must
know its address. This can consist of words or numbers. Some services require
you to connect to a specific port on the computer. In this case, type the port
number after the Internet address.
Telnet is available on the
World Wide Web. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through
Telnet are library catalogs. A link to any Telnet resource looks like any other
link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. A Telnet
program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web
browser in order to work.
FTP stands for File
Transfer Protocol. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files
between computers. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer
files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal
computer account. FT sites contain books, articles, software, games, images,
sounds, multimedia, and others.
Usenet
News is a global electronic bulletin board system in which millions of
computer users exchange information on a vast range of topics. The major
difference between Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups is the fact that
Usenet messages are stored on central computers, and users must connect to
these computers to read the messages posted to these groups. This is distinct
from e-mail distribution, in which messages arrive in the electronic mailboxes
of each list member. Usenet itself is a set of machines that exchanges messages
or articles from Usenet discussion forums, called newsgroups. There are
thousands of Usenet newsgroups in existence. While many are academic in nature,
numerous newsgroups are organized around recreational topics.
Chat programs allow
users on the Internet to communicate with each other by typing in real time.
They are sometimes included as a feature of a Web site, where users can log
into the “chat room” to exchange comments and information about the topics
addressed on the site. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. For
example, America Online is well-known for sponsoring a number of topical chat
rooms. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is
a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds
of channels. These channels are usually based on specific topics. While many
topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. A
variation of chat is a phenomenon of instant messaging. With instant messaging,
a user on the Web can contact another user currently logged in and type a
conversation. Most famous is America Online’s Instant Messenger.
Vocabulary Notes
to log [lOg] — вносити до реєстру
port — отвір, гніздо
available [q'veIlqbl] — доступний, наявний
to launch [lLnC] — запускати, вмикати
to contain [kqn'teIn] — містити
image ['ImIG] — зображення
bulletin board ['bulItIn bLd]— дошка оголошень
distinct [dIs'tINkt]— чіткий
existence [Ig'zIstqns] — існування
academic — науковий, навчальний,
академічний
recreational ["rekrI'eISqnl] topics — розважальні (вільні)
теми
frivolous ['frIvqlqs] — легковажний, поверхневий, дріб’язковий
substantive ['sAbstqtIv] — реальний, дійсний
to be currently logged ['kArqntlI lOgd] — внесений до реєстру в
поточному порядку
Comprehension
1. Tell what sentences are true and what are false.
1) WWW address consists of
words or numbers. 2) Usenet News are the most common
Web-based resources available through Telnet. 3) If you want to use online
databases, library catalogs, chat services, and more you should install IRC
program on your local computer. 4) Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users
to exchange information on a vast range of topics with thousands of host
computers on the. 5) Usenet itself is a set of machines that exchanges messages
or articles from Usenet newsgroups. 6) Chat programs allow users on the
Internet to connect to a specific port on the computer.
2. Choose the right answer:
1. What is necessary to do to Telnet to a computer?
a) to
connect to a specific port;
b) to
know its address;
c) to
transfer files.
2. Where is Telnet available?
a) on
the site;
b) on
the personal computer account;
c) on
the World Wide Web.
3. How do messages arrive in the electronic mailboxes
of each list member?
a) by
means of e-mail distribution;
b) by
means of chat services;
c) by
means of IRC program.
4. How many Usenet newsgroups are there in existence?
a) thousands
of them;
b) millions
of them;
c) a
few of them.
5) Where are Usenet messages
stored?
a) in
the “chat room”;
b) in
the library catalogs;
c) on
central computers.
6) What can Internet users do
by means of Chat
programs?
a) to read books and articles, to play games,
to use multimedia and others;
b) to
transfer files from thousands of host computers to their personal computer
account;
c) to
communicate with each other by typing in real time.
3. Complete the
sentences:
1) Telnet is available on … . 2) File Transfer Protocol is both ….and …. .3) FT sites
contain … . 4) Usenet itself is a set of …. . 5) The
users can log into the “chat room” to exchange … . 6)
America Online is well-known for … . 7) With instant
messaging, a user on the Web can contact … .
4. Answer the questions:
1) What is Telnet? 2) What
does the computer address consist of? 3) How does a link to any Telnet resource
look like? 4) What is File Transfer Protocol? 5) What is Anonymous FTP? 6) What
is Usenet News? 7) What is the major
difference between Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups? 8) What are Chat
programs? 9) What is America Online known for? 10) What is IRC? 11) What is
instant messaging?
5. Find as quickly as possible and read out the
sentences containing the following important information:
*6. Try to tell the gist of the text.
Word Study
1. Give Ukrainian
equivalents of the following.
Online databases, Web-based
resources, Telnet session, anonymous FTP, host computers, personal computer
account, e-mail discussion groups, to log into the
“chat room”, substantive conversations, phenomenon.
2. Give English
equivalents of the following.
Використовувати бібліотечні каталоги, складатися
зі слів та цифр, під’єднатися до …, зв’язок з ресурсом, встановити на локальний
комп’ютер, сайт передачі файлів, розважальні теми, друк в режимі реального
часу, миттєва передача повідомлення.
3. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B:
A B
to use theme
must general
link may
common big
can connection
to make to
have to…
vast to
utilize
topic to
produce
4. Make
up sentences from the following words and word-groups:
Model: steps, manufacturing, development, several,
had, in, automated, its. - Automated
manufacturing had several steps in its development.
1) To, its, a, must, Telnet,
address, to, you, computer, know. 2) Web, available, the, Wide, Telnet, World,
is, on. 3) Transfer, FTP, Protocol, for, File, stands. 4) electronic,
a, News, board, is, bulletin, Usenet,
system, global. 5) in, of, newsgroups, are,
existence,Usenet, there, thousands. 6) a, rooms,
Online, for, is, sponsoring, number, topical,
5.
Translate sentences into English using words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes.
1) Ви можете використовувати бази даних,
бібліотечні каталоги та багато іншого в режимі онлайн, якщо підключитесь до
мережі Інтернет. 2) Інтернет адреса може складатись як із слів, так і з цифр.
3) Бібліотечні каталоги – це найзагальніші інтернет-ресурси, доступні через
програму Телнет. 4) Мільйони користувачів обмінюються інформацією через
глобальну електронну дошку оголошень, яка називається Usenet News. 5) Повідомлення на Usenet зберігаються на центральних
комп’ютерах, до яких потрібно під’єднатись, щоб прочитати ці повідомлення. 6)
За допомогою чатів користувачі спілкуються між собою, друкуючи повідомлення в
режимі реального часу.
Grammar
in Use
1. Translate into Ukrainian,
paying attention to Gerund
1) He is fond of playing
computer games. 2) My computer needs reparing. 3) He read the message without
answering. 4) My friend likes learning foreign languages by means of compuer
programs. 5) They went on chattering through Internet Relay Chat. 6) A lot of people like surfing the internet. 7) Telnet is worth of
being installed in your computer. 8) Everybody enjoys exchanging comments and
information on recreational topics.
2. Translate into English
using Gerund
1) Нарешті він почав користуватися
програмою SCYPE. 2) Потрібно заборонити дітям гратися
в комп’ютерні ігри більше однієї години. 3) Використання інтернет-ресурсів дуже
економить час на підготовку рефератів. 4) Цього
чоловіка звинувачують у зламі комп’ютерних файлів. 5) Ми займаємось розробкою
нової комп’ютерної програми.
3. Write out from the text all
the sentences with Gerund
Additional Text
(for individual work)
Read and translate the text.
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web
(abbreviated as the Web or WWW) is a system of Internet servers that support
hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost
every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. This
includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. In addition to these, the World
Wide Web has its own protocol: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. The World
Wide Web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols. This
creates a convenient and user-friendly environment. The Web gathers together
all protocols into a single system. Because of this feature, and because of the
Web’s ability to work with multimedia and advanced programming languages, the
World Wide Web is the fastest- growing component of the Internet. The operation
of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval.
Hyper Text is a document containing words that connect to other documents.
These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext
document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the Web, words
o graphics may serve as links to other documents, images, video, and sounds.
Producing hypertext for the web is accomplished by creating documents with a
language called Hyper Text Markup Language, or HTLM. The World Wide Web
consists of files, called pages or home pages, containing links to documents
and resources throughout the Internet.
1. Divide the text
into the logical parts and give a title to each one.
2. Put questions to
the text.
3.
Discuss it with your groupmates.