Additional Text. Communication and Media Technology.
Grammar: Non-finnite forms of the verb. Infinitive
Text Study
1. Repeat the words in
chorus:
in charge, governing, internet
backbone, Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol, TCP/IP, quantum mechanics, instantaneous,
knowledge, broadband, withstanding, broadcasting, routers.
2. While reading the text you
will come across a number of international words. Try to guess what Ukrainian
words they remind of you:
Internet, million, organization, technical aspects,
control, private company, client, architecture, machine, technology, program, result, e-mail, popular, information, problem, situation.
3. Pay attention to some
grammatical points:
1) The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks world wide. 2) Software can be installed on a client computer to take advantage of the latest access
technology. 3) The Internet is very helpful, because it's a huge database of knowledge, from the
pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. 4) Everyone should have the Internet because of it instantaneous
communication and huge wealth of knowledge. 5) If we want to find some information in the Internet, we are to type address of this data in
the browser we use. 6) The data is
constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers
called routers.
II.
Reading
Read the text and be ready to find in the text the answers to the
following questions:
The Internet is a computer
network made up of thousands of networks world wide. No one knows how many
computers are connected to the Internet. It is certain, however, that there are
millions of them. No one is in charge of the Internet. There are organizations
which develop technical aspects of this network, but no governing body is in
control. The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows, is owned
by private companies.
All computers on
the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control
Protocol/ Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP. Computers on the Internet
use a client/server
architecture. This means that the remote server machine provides files and
services to the users’ local client machine. Software can be installed on a
client computer to take advantage of the latest access technology.
Public Internet began in the
late 70's. In the 70's web users used an interface called Telnet, but now this
program is mainly obsolete.
Telnet is most widely deployed
in accessing college e-mail accounts. The Internet is very helpful, because
it's a huge database of knowledge,
from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of
quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of it instantaneous
communication and huge wealth of knowledge. But how to go on the Internet and
do a search for information we need? There are two ways to do it. The first is
when you know an internet address of data you need and the second one is when
you try to find information you need by using a search program. In the
beginning we have got to enter any browser you like. It could be an Internet
Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Opera, etc. If we have a broadband connection,
we connect to the Internet at once. If not - have to set up and connect to our
dialup service. Finally, if we want to find some information in the Internet,
we are to type address of this data in the browser we use or simply use the
existing search-programs such as the Google search program, Rambler search
program, Yandex search program or Yahoo search program. They are very simple
and popular networks of sites. In these programs we can just type the word or
name of thing, we would like to find and then press “Enter”. A search program
solves this problem. We get our results in the same window. After we get our results, we simply choose
whatever site best matches our query or keep searching.
Besides data, one can get from
the Internet; we can also send and receive e-mail or electronic mail. This
internet service is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker. It is becoming
popular day by day. We can find some news from the Internet, because there are
many informational servers in the web.
An Internet user
also has access to such services as file transfer, vast information resources,
interest group membership, interactive collaboration, multimedia displays,
real-time broadcasting, shopping opportunities, and much more.
However, there are
some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send e-mail,
your massage can travel through many different networks and computers. The data
is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers
called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the
computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over
the internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Not withstanding, these
programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked.
Another big and
serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in
the Internet, because a huge amount of information circulating through the net.
It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the
situation might change, but now we have what we have.
Vocabulary Notes
in charge — під доглядом, під опікою
backbone — основа, опора
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol — протокол передачі даних в
мережі інтернет (інтернет-протокол)
remote server machine — віддалений сервер
obsolete ['ObsqlJt] — застарілий
deployed [dI'plOId] — розгорнутий, поширений
e-mail accounts — обліковий запис
користувача електронної пошти
instantaneous ["Instqn'teInjqs] — миттєвий, моментальний
search program — пошукова програма
broadband connection — широкосмуговий зв’язок
dialup service ['daIqlAp 'sWvIs] — послуга підключення до
інтернету через телефонну лінію
query ['kwIqrI] — запит
file transfer – передача файлів
collaboration [kq"lxbq'reISqn] — співробітництво, співпраця
withstand [wID'stxnd] — чинити опір, протистояти
Comprehension
1. Tell what sentences are true and what are false.
1) All the computers connected to the Internet can be easely counted. 2)
All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the dialup service. 3) The chosen browser provides
files and services to the users’ local client machine. 4) Nowadays web users
used an interface called Telnet. 5) An Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Opera,
etc are the most popular search programs. 5) If we want to find some
information in the Internet, we are to type address of
this data in the browser we use or simply use the existing search-programs. 6)
After we get our results, we
simply choose whatever protocol best matches our query or keep searching. 7) The most important problem of the
internet is its charge.
2. Choose the right answer:
1) Who developes technical
aspects of the Internet?
a) government;
b) private organizations;
c) special computers.
2) What
architecture do computers on the Internet use?
a) a TCP/IP architecture;
b) an input/output architecture;
c) a client/server
architecture.
3) When did public
Internet start?
a) in the late 70's;
b) 25 years ago;
c) in 1981?
4) How can you find information you need in the network?
a) by using e-mail;
b) by using a search program;
c) by using special computers.
5) What is Rambler?
a) a broadband connection;
b) dialup service;
c) a search program.
6) Why is e-mail
service so popular?
a) because no governing body is in control;
b) because it is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker;
c) because it's a huge database of knowledge.
7) What is the most
important problem of e-mail service?
a) security;
b) Internet
traffic;
c) browser.
8) Why is there no
effective control in the Internet?
a) because of a broadband connection;
b) because of of thousands of networks world wide;
c) because of a huge amount of information.
3. Complete the
sentences:
1) The Internet is … . 2) All computers on the Internet communicate with one
another using … . 3) Public Internet began in … . 4) Everyone should have the Internet
because … . 5) If we have a broadband connection, we … . 6) If we want to find some information in the Internet,
we … . 7) When you send e-mail, your massage can travel … . 8) It is possible to get into any of the computers along
the route, … . 9) There is no effective control in the
Internet, because … .
4. Answer the questions:
1) What is Internet? 2) When did the public Internet begin? 3) Why is
Internet useful? 4) How can you go on the Internet and search there for
information? 5) What data searching Internet programs do you know? 6) What are
the advantages of e-mail over ordinary mail service? 7) What are the main
problems of the Internet?
5. Find as quickly as possible and read out the
sentences containing the following important information:
*6. Try to tell the gist of the text.
Word Study
1. Give Ukrainian
equivalents of the following.
governing body,
Internet backbone, to be owned by private companies, remote server machine,
users’ local client machine, an interface, college e-mail accounts, a huge
database of knowledge, instantaneous communication, a broadband connection, dialup service, vast information
resources, interest group membership, real-time broadcasting, encoding program.
2. Give English
equivalents of the following.
Комп’ютерна мережа, бути
встановленим на комп’ютер клієнта, користувачі мережі, застаріла програма,
фотографія сімейних подорожей, квантова механіка, миттєвий зв’язок, пошук
інформації, пошукова програма, вирішувати проблему, обирати сайт, доступ до
послуг, перехоплювати дані.
3. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B:
A B
Many photo
Backbone tremendous
Organization quantity
To mean to fit
To install to
get
Picture company
Huge basis
To search to
mount
To match to
denote
To receive to seek
Amount a lot
4. Make
up sentences from the following words and word-groups:
Model: steps, manufacturing, development, several,
had, in, automated, its. - Automated
manufacturing had several steps in its development.
1) by, traffic,
private, which, is owned, the Internet backbone, companies, Internet, flows, through. 2) be,
to take, the latest, on, software can, advantage, a, computer, of, access,
installed, client, technology. 3) e-mail, is, college,
in, deployed, accessing, widely, most, Telnet accounts. 4) any,
got,
in, to enter, beginning, have, browser, you, the, like, we. 5) best, or, our, whatever, after, our, keep, choose, we, results, we, site, matches,
simply, query, searching, get. 6) from, also, mail, data, can, can get, the Internet;
we, one, and, receive, e-mail, besides, send, or, electronic. 7) can, networks, you, different, e-mail, travel, when,
massage, through ,many your, and, send, computers.
5.
Translate sentences into English using words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes.
1) Серед великого розмаїття
пошукових програм ми обираємо ту, яка нам найбільше підходить. 2) За допомогою
мережі Інтернет ми можемо отримати безліч відповідей на наш запит. 3) Зараз
послуга підключення до інтернету через телефонну лінію є застарілою і майже не
використовується. 4) Тепер ми миттєво підключаємося до мережі за допомогою
широкосмугового зв’язку. 5) Користувачі інтернету мають необмежений доступ до
інформаційних ресурсів, інтерактивної співпраці та до передачі різних файлів.
6) Незважаючи на велику кількість програм, створених щоб протистояти зламу
особистих файлів, проблема захисту особистої
інформації в мережі інтернет все ще залишається невирішеною.
Grammar in Use
1. Read and translate
the following sentences paying attention to the function of Infinitive in the
sentences:
1). Robots are expected to protect our safety, relieve us from hard and
monotonous work. 2). It is expected that in the nearest future industrial
robots will be able to change their own parts. 3). Thousands of different
individual machining operations are to be done
mechanically, and supervised by robots. 4). Robots were designed to
perform thousands of dangerous operations. 5). Today's commercially available
robots, in addition to being programmed to follow a complex sequence of
instructions, can also be modified through electromechanical means without
changing hardware. 6). These are the
"pick-and-place" robots, simple to operate and easy to program and
maintain.
2. Rephrase the
following as in the example
Example: You must help me. I want…
I want you to help me.
1) They mustn't use my computer. I
don't want … . 2) She must send e-mail. I want … . 3) He must use the existing search-programs. I want … .
4) You mustn't spend a lot of time playing computer games. I don't want … . 5) Fiona needn’t use an interface called Telnet. I don't
want … . 6) They must connect their computers to the
Internet. I want … . 7) You must send your questions about the
course or lecture through e-mail. I want … .
3. Define the form and function of the Infinitive in
the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:
1) There are some
robots, however, that are made to look and react like men. 2) They are the
robots that researchers use to find out what will happen to a human body under
a variety of situations. 3) One of the things that space researchers want to
know is what kind of seat is the best for
rocket passengers. 4) Because of that, a rocket will have to have
specially designed seats to protect its passengers. 5) Many men might be hurt
or killed before a safe acceleration couch could be built.
4.
Open the brackets using Infinitive in the function of Adverbial modifier and
translate them
1) Computers were designed (perform)
thousands of computations per second. 2) (take) computers more reliable
transistors were used. 3) They were applied (reduce) computational time. 4)
(integrate) large numbers of circuit elements into a small chip, transistors should (be) reduced in size. 5)
(use) integrated circuit technology new computers were built. 6)
Analytical engine was invented (store) data.
(for individual work)
Read and translate the text.
The
Another example of mass information transfer and
communication technology is the ability to offer entire university courses over
the internet. The majority of American universities offer internet courses
where you can read text materials, take exams, and actually watch a lecturing
professor that has been recorded on video. Some of these lectures are also
transmitted over the internet in what is called real time. What this means is
live broadcast. Students can also send their questions about the course or lecture
through e-mail or through real time interactive dialogues.
Today, if you are a computer user, you can buy a
wealth of information/media software that include the entire work of
Shakespeare, encyclopedias, dictionaries, language learning programs (known as
CALL: Computer Assisted Language Learning), etc. Most of these products are
contained on a single CD-ROM. Many American universities already use, or are in
the process of establishing, CALL labs. Students can improve their
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and writing through interaction with a
computer. Likewise, other courses that include political science, literature,
and marketing can be learned and/or facilitated through similar computer labs.
The widespread use of the internet grows even
greater every day. It is impossible to determine exactly how many people use
the internet, but it can be documented just how dependent
Nevertheless, the growth of the internet, the media,
and mass communication has indeed facilitated the global community. Ordinary
citizens of different countries can now actually communicate with each other
via the internet. The speed and efficiency of the computer age has displaced
much older technology. For example, many people would rather do their business
communications through e-mail rather than what has now been labeled "snail-mail".
1. Divide the text
into the logical parts and give a title to each one.
2. Put questions to
the text.
3. Discuss it with
your groupmates.