Semester 4, Lesson 9 (54)
MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
I. Read the following words and word
combination and learn their meanings by heart:
Allocation [xlq'keiSn] розміщення, розподіл; essential [i'senSql] суть, невід'ємна частина; management ['mxniGmqnt] менеджмент,
управління, дирекція; a management level ['levql] рівень управління; a management structure ['strAkCq] структура управління; a management
style [staIl] стиль управління; to be
responsible [ris'ponsqbl] for - відповідати за; a flow of
information [flou qv Infq'meiSn] потік інформації; to forecast ['fO:kRst] передбачати; autocratic [,Ltq'krxtik] автократичний, властний; to set
objective [qb'Gektiv] поставити мету; to take into consideration [kqn,sidq'reiSn] брати до уваги; influence - вплив, впливати; labour productivity [leibq prodAk'tiviti]
продуктивність праці; experience [iks'piqriqns] досвід; in the focus ['foukqs] у центрі; to draw up [drL Ap] складати
(документ); harmonize ['hRmonaiz]
узгоджувати; authority [L'TLriti] влада,
сфера компетенції, повноваження; research [ri'sWC] дослідження; involvment [in'vOlvmqnt] залучення; to be accountable for [q'kauntqbl] бути відповідальним за, to hire [haIq]- найняти, to fire[faIq]-звільнити, position – посада,
II. Read and translate text 22, pay attention to the sentences with the complex object and the
participles:
TEXT 22 MANAGEMENT
AND MANAGER
Management means the members of administration of a
business or an organization. They may be or may be not the owners of the
business. But they are always selected by the owners to be responsible
for different functions of the organization.
A typical organization has three levels of management:
the senior management, the middle management and the junior management. Heads of major departments within the organization
make the senior level.
Leaders of sections make the middle management level. The junior management
level provides a link with the rest of the workforce.
The word "management" has also another
meaning. E. Pitt and V. Baker in
"Management and Information" define it as "the making of
decisions on the allocation of resources".
The common essential of all management activity is the
flow of information. That is, the inward flow of data on which decisions can be
based and the outward flow of the decisions.
A good
definition of a manager is given by W. Brown and E. Jaques. A manager is "an individual
who is accountable for more work than he/she can do themselves and who gets
some of it done through other people". This definition is related
to managers who function at all levels.
The main functions of a manager are:
1. to forecast and plan (seeing into the
future and drawing up plans of action);
2. to
organize (to put plans into operation);
3. to
command (to get the best performance from the staff);
4. to co-ordinate (to make it sure that each
department's efforts harmonize with
those of other departments);
5. to
control (to see that everything works according to plan).
Traditionally,
there are two styles of management - autocratic and democratic.
Autocratic managers set objective for the group demonstrating
their power and authority. They give
orders and expect group members to
obey them without any question. It is clear that in such situations group
members do not make their own decisions.
Democratic
managers, on the
contrary, let group members set
their own objectives. If they give orders they explain why and give reasons for
their orders. Group members take part in decision making, they express
different points of view. What is more, democratic managers take into
consideration all their opinions before making a final decision. They also
demonstrate the fact that the opinions of group members influence a final
decision.
Researches show that the democratic style of
management is much more effective. It leads to higher labor productivity,
feelings of involvement into business and job satisfaction.
Of course, the autocratic management style can also
achieve high productivity. However, researches show that such group members
experience conflicts with management more often. They also show dissatisfaction with their work more
often.
What modern researches also showed is that managers
adopt more than one style in different situations.
III. Retell the text according to the following
questions:
l.What does
management mean? 2. Who selects members of administration?
3. What levels of management has a typical organization? 4.What is another
meaning of the word "management"? 5. What is the common essential of
all management activity? 6. Who is a manager? 7. What are the main functions of
a manager? 8. What are two styles of management? 9. What is more effective
style of management? 10. Why is democratic style of management more effective?
11. What do modern researches show?
IV. Arrange
the words into pairs of:
a) synonyms:
Administration,
forecast, command, opinion, obey, also, data, workforce, work, to choose, to
demonstrate, too, information, staff, job, to show, to foresee, personnel,
order, point of view, to submit, management, layer, level, to select, vice
versa, on the contrary.
b) antonyms:
To reject,
same, satisfaction, senior, inward, to lose, junior, outward, democratic, to
achieve, to obey, autocratic, to command, to adopt, another, dissatisfaction.
V. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
advertise, resume, personal,
applicants, personnel office, qualification, agency, employee.
1. We are
going to interview three ... for the position. 2. If you need applicants for
this position, ... in a special section of the local newspaper. 3. Personnel office will help you to
find a new ... 4.All the information about the staff of the firm can be found
in ... 5. She has a good ... for the position: a college degree, good work
experience. 6. I want to find a new secretary, so I'll call an employment ...
7. If you are an applicant for the position, you have to write your ... 8.
Don't ask him ... questions, it will be impolite.
VI. Translate the sentences paying attention to
the different ways of comparison in the following patterns:
1. This
style of management is as good as ours. 2. This flow of information is more
important than the previous one. 3. This method of adaptability is the best of
all known methods of this kind. 4. The new manager is less assertive than Mr.
Brown. 5. The suggestion is the least clever of the three. 6. The higher the
rate of production, the higher the living standards of people. 7. The more
efficient management, the better performance of a firm.
VII. Match the word on the left with the
statement on the right:
Planning the process of arranging an organization's
structure and coordinating its managerial practices and use of resources to
achieve its goals;
Organizing the process of establishing objectives and
suitable sources of action before taking action;
Leading the process of monitoring actual
organizational
activities to see that they conform
to planned activities;
Controlling the process of directing and inspiring
workers to
perform the task-related activities
of the group;
Challenge a rule, statement about what can be done and
what can not;
Regulation a
difficult job.
VIII. Try to repeat a tongue twister several
times, as quickly as possible, without stumbling or mispronouncing:
One-One was a racehorse;
Two-Two was one, too.
When One-One won one race,
Two-Two won one, too.
Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie
manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?
IX. Fill gaps with prepositions where necessary.
Translate the sentences:
1. Marketing has been defined different ways different writers. 2. Marketing is generally defined as a
process which people obtain what they need exchanging products others. 3. The decision aimed winning a market share must be based __
evaluations market opportunities and other relevant
information. 4. As sales go decline, the product is subject
continuos price pressure. 5. Management was faced a problem
making innovations the technological process. 6. The company's increase profits was due large scale sales support developed
management.
marketing managers.
X. Read and translate the meanings of the
following term. Translate the sentences with it.
Manager - is a person who is employed to
control, organize and direct part or all of a business or organization.
1. The company has taken on a new
marketing manager. 2. The branch manager of a bank is also called a bank
manager. 3. Personnel manager controls the work of the office staff. 4. Office
manager is a manager in charge of an office.
XI. Read
the text and answer the questions:
1. What are manager's functions?
2. What options has manager to consider when
he wants to hire a new employee?
3. Find in the text 23 English
equivalents to the Ukrainian words and expressions: прийняти рішення, найняти на роботу, звільнити з роботи, взаємозамінний,
посада, робітник, варіант = позиція= параметр, відділ кадрів, цінне джерело,
подати оголошення, набір чогось, уміння, особливість=ознака, поставити цілі,
очевидно, бюро по працевлаштуванню, претендент=кандидатура, вимога=прохання, роботодавець, професійні якості, журнал, котрий підходить=пасує, розглянути всередині
(поза) компанії(єю), ретельний.
TEXT 23
MANAGEMENT
Management is a process of managing people. Any
manager has got some functions. For example, he makes a lot of important
decisions. He sets objectives, coordinates work, delegates authority, makes
hiring, firing and just general leading. It is evident that making careful
decisions is the basis of good management. In fact there is no difference
between the words an executive, a manager and an administrator. These words are
interchangeable. In many companies the top officers are called administrators.
The next group - the heads of major departments, the vice presidents. Any
organizations has a number of positions and some people have more authority
than others. Where and how a manager can hire a qualified employee?
A manager has several options to consider when he
wants to hire a new employee. First of all he may look within his own company.
But if he can't find anybody suitable for the position he has to look outside
the company. If there is a personnel office in the company, he can ask them to
help him to find a qualified applicant. The employer can also use other
valuable sources, for example, employment agencies, consulting firms, placement
offices and professional societies. He can also advertise in a newspaper or in
a magazine and request candidates to send in resumes. The employer has two sets
of qualifications to consider if he wants to choose from among the applicants.
He must consider both professional qualifications and personal characteristics.
A candidate's education, experience and skills are included in his professional
qualifications. These can be listed on a resume. Personal characteristics or
personality traits can be evaluated through interviews.
XII. Read and translate the following text (24), try to write down 3 - 4 sentences to explain the main idea of
the Pareo’s Principle and how can it help you in your studying:
TEXT 24 Pareto's Principle - The 80/20 Rule
In 1906, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto
created a mathematical formula to describe the unequal distribution of wealth
in his country, observing that twenty percent of the people owned eighty
percent of the wealth. In the late 1940s, Dr. Joseph M. Juran inaccurately
attributed the 80/20 Rule to Pareto, calling it Pareto's Principle. While it
may be misnamed, Pareto's Principle or Pareto's Law as it is sometimes called,
can be a very effective tool to help you manage effectively.
What It
Means
The 80/20 Rule means that in anything
a few (20 percent) are vital and many(80 percent) are trivial. In Pareto's case
it meant 20 percent of the people owned 80 percent of the wealth. In Juran's
initial work he identified 20 percent of the defects causing 80 percent of the
problems. Project Managers know that 20 percent of the work (the first 10
percent and the last 10 percent) consume 80 percent of your time and resources.
You can apply the 80/20 Rule to almost anything, from the science of management
to the physical world.
You know 20 percent of your stock
takes up 80 percent of your warehouse space and that 80 percent of your stock
comes from 20 percent of your suppliers. Also 80 percent of your sales will
come from 20 percent of your sales staff. 20 percent of your staff will cause
80 percent of your problems, but another 20 percent of your staff will provide
80 percent of your production. It works both ways.
How
It Can Help You
The value of the
Pareto Principle for a manager is that it reminds you to focus on the 20
percent that matters. Of the things you do during your day, only 20 percent
really matter. Those 20 percent produce 80 percent of your results. Identify
and focus on those things. When the fire drills of the day begin to sap your
time, remind yourself of the 20 percent you need to focus on. If something in
the schedule has to slip, if something isn't going to get done, make sure it's
not part of that 20 percent.
XIII. Individual work: read the text 25 and answer the question “What is the difference between the management and
leadership?”
TEXT 25
Adapted from “The Wall Street Journal Guide to
Management”by Alan Murray, published by Harper Business.
Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They
are not the same thing. But they are necessarily linked, and complementary. Any
effort to separate the two is likely to cause more problems than it solves.
Still, much ink has been spent delineating the
differences. The manager’s job is to plan, organize and coordinate. The
leader’s job is to inspire and motivate. In his 1989 book “On Becoming a Leader,” Warren Bennis
composed a list of the differences:
– The manager administers; the leader innovates.
– The manager is a copy; the leader is an original.
– The manager maintains; the leader develops.
– The manager
focuses on systems and structure; the leader focuses on people.
– The manager relies on control; the leader inspires
trust.
– The manager has
a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective.
– The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what
and why.
– The manager has
his or her eye always on the bottom line; the leader’s eye is on the horizon.
– The manager imitates; the leader originates.
– The manager accepts the status quo; the leader
challenges it.
– The manager is
the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person.
– The manager does things right; the leader does the
right thing.
Perhaps there was a time when the calling of the
manager and that of the leader could be separated. A foreman in an
industrial-era factory probably didn’t have to give much thought to what he was
producing or to the people who were producing it. His or her job was to follow
orders, organize the work, assign the right people to the necessary tasks,
coordinate the results, and ensure the job got done as ordered. The focus was
on efficiency.
But in the new economy, where value comes increasingly
from the knowledge of people, and where workers are no longer undifferentiated
cogs in an industrial machine, management and leadership are not easily
separated. People look to their managers, not just to assign them a task, but
to define for them a purpose. And managers must organize workers, not just to
maximize efficiency, but to nurture skills, develop talent and inspire results.
The late
management guru Peter Drucker was one of the first to recognize this truth, as
he was to recognize so many other management truths. He identified the
emergence of the “knowledge worker,” and the profound differences that would
cause in the way business was organized.
With the rise of the knowledge worker, “one does not
‘manage’ people,” Mr. Drucker wrote. “The task is to lead people. And the goal
is to make productive the specific strengths and knowledge of every
individual.”
XIV. Complete the
table writing down the main features and functions of a manager and a leader.
Use information from Ex. II, XI, XIV.
.
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The Main Functions of |
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a Manager |
a Leader |
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1. |
1. |
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2. |
2. |