Unit 2
ENGLISH DEGREES
Task
1. Read
and learn the words and word combinations.
to
award присуджувати
institution
установа
dissertation брит,
дипломна робота; амер.
докторська
дисертація
advanced
підвищеного типу
thesis
дисертація (брит, будь-яка, амер.
нижче докторської)
to submit подавати на
розгляд
to justify заслуговувати
doctorate
докторський
ступінь
Task 2. Make
up sentences with the words given in task 1.
Task 3. Read the
text and discuss it. Write a synopsis of the text in five sentences.
ENGLISH DEGREES
The English system of degrees is rather complicated,
and therefore often puzzling to foreigners. The practice
varies to some extent from one institution to another.
Bachelor's degree
A Bachelor's degree is usually awarded at the end of a
three-year course, which most people start at the age of 18/19 after leaving school. In most
institutions the awarding of the degree depends entirely on the final
examinations although some institutions now demand a dissertation too. The name
of a particular degree is Bachelor (from Latin bacca
laureatus "увінчаний лавром") followed by the name of the
faculty. Thus the first degree in the faculty of arts is called a Bachelor
of Arts, in the faculty of science is called a Bachelor of Science and
so on. These degrees are often referred to by their
initials, both in speech and writing:
e.g.
Arts- BA, Science -B Sc
Master's degree
Originally
this was a degree awarded on acceptance of a thesis based on a short period of
research, usually soon after graduation. It was taken as an introduction to
real research, that is work on a doctoral thesis.
In
some universities this is still so. During recent years, however, there has
been an increasing tendency to make the Master's degree (MA or MSc) an
advanced examination degree, awarded after a year's postgraduate course of
study. This new Master's degree is called Master of Philosophy, or M
Phil in conversation. The use of the word "philosophy" does not
mean that the degree is restricted to philosophy. The name is the same for all
faculties, and one may an M Phil in engineering or mathematics, or
economics. "Philosophy" here means the same as "наук" in the names кандидат and доктор наук.
In
Doctorate
This
is called in full Doctor of Philosophy, but is usually referred to as Ph D. The word order is that of original Latin
(philosophical doctor). As in the case of the M Phil described above,
"philosophy" has no special reference to philosophy; the name is
invariable for all faculties.
A PhD
is awarded on acceptance of a thesis which must be an original contribution
to knowledge. Research for this degree usually takes about three years,
although the length of time needed varies considerably according to the
subject. This degree is generally considered to be an equivalent to the
Ukrainian кандидатський
ступінь.
There
is another type of doctorate, which is called in full a senior doctorate, to
avoid confusion with the PhD. The name of a particular senior doctorate
depends on the field of specialization:
e. g. Doctor of Letter - for art subjects or DLilt
- from the Latin doctor
litterarum
Doctor
of Science - for science
subjects or DSc. These degrees are much higher than the PhD, and
are comparable in importance to the Ukrainian doctor's degree. However, they
differ from the latter in that they do not involve the writing of a thesis. A person wishing
to apply for such a degree submits his published works to a board, or
committee, who then decide whether these works justify the award of the degree.
There is no equivalent in
Task
4. Translate the following words and
word combinations:
Повністю залежати, після закінчення школи, короткотривале дослідження,
протягом останніх років, зростаюча тенденція, обмежений до філософії, вважатися
науковим ступенем, порядок слів, назва є незмінною для всіх факультетів,
вважатися еквівалентом, відрізнятися від останнього, не передбачати написання
дисертації, подавати публікації, заслуговувати на присудження ступеня.
Task 5. Choose
the right variant
1.
A Bachelor's degree is usually
awarded at the end of …
a) one-year course.
b) doctorate.
c) a three-year course.
2. The name of a Bachelor’s degree is followed by …
a) the Master's degree.
b) an advanced examination degree.
c) the name of the faculty.
3. Master's
degree was
awarded on acceptance of …
a)
final examinations although some institutions now demand a dissertation too.
b) a
thesis based on a short period of research.
c)
published works submitted to a Board.
4. The new Master's degree is called ….
a)
Master of Science.
b) Master
of Letter.
c) Master of Philosophy.
5. Research for PhD degree usually takes …
a)
about three years.
b) a
short period, usually soon after graduation.
c) a
year's postgraduate course of study.
6.The degree of a Senior Doctor is comparable in
importance to …
a)
Doctor of Science.
b) the
Ukrainian doctor's degree.
c)
Doctor of Letter.
a) a
thesis which must be an original contribution to knowledge.
b) a
dissertation.
c) his
published works to a board.
Task 6. Answer
the questions.
1. Why is the English
system of degrees puzzling to foreigners?
2. When is a
Bachelor's degree awarded?
3. What does the
awarding of the degree depend on?
4. How is the first
degree in the faculty of Arts called?
5. When was a Master's
degree awarded?
6. What is the
practice nowadays?
7. Are names Bachelor
and Master considered to be academic degrees in
8. When is a Ph D awarded?
9. What is the other
type of doctorate?
10.What is the
difference between the English senior doctorate and the Ukrainian doctor's
degree?
Task
7. Translate the following
sentences.
1.
У багатьох навчальних закладах ступінь бакалавра присвоюють після
останнього іспиту. 2. Слово «бакалавр» – латинського походження. 3. Ступінь
магістра присвоюється після проведення та захисту невеликого наукового
дослідження. 4. В Україні ступені бакалавра та магістра не вважаються науковими
ступенями. 5. Англійський ступінь доктора філософії не має жодного відношення
до філософії як науки. 6. Європейський науковий ступінь доктора наук відповідає
українському ступеню кандидата наук. 7. Для отримання вищого докторського
ступеня не потрібно захищати докторську дисертацію. 8. Вищий докторський
ступінь присуджується, якщо наукові публікації претендента варті присудження
цього ступеня. 9. Наукові праці претендента на вищий докторський ступінь
оцінюються спеціальною комісією.
Task 8 Define briefly the subject of
the investigation you carry out. Say whether you will describe the study or you
will restrict yourself to some part of it. Tell the group when the
investigation was conducted or started if it is still under way.
Lexical
revision.
Commonly
misused words. Translate the sentences. Choose the correct usage with the
help of a dictionary if necessary.
1. Many a would-be-bride has been left at the altar
/alter. Would it inconvenient for you to altar
/alter your plans for this weekend?
2. The campaign director divided
the state among /between his three most competent assistants. In many of today's homes, the
care of the children is divided among /between the two parents.
3. You would not believe the amount
/number of' the time I have spent on the project. I wish I could refuse
the amount /number of hours I has spent on this project.
4. Ira was angry at /angry
with the thought of working overtime, Ira was angry at /angry
with his boss for insisting that Ira work overtime.
5.1 am anxious /eager about
the diagnosis. I am anxious /eager to see your new car.