UNIT2

 

WHAT IS TOURISM

 

Pre-reading

1. Read ami translate the following international words:

 

Organization

product

cruise

start

forum

global

protection

view

percent

industry

parallel

cultural

sector

transportation

social

hotel

rail

contribution

component

coach

trillion

figure

dynamic

aspect

visitor

immigration

 

motel

automobile

 

 

2. Read and translate the following groups of words derived from a common root:

      1)      organ — organize — organizer — organization — organizational - disorganize;

      2)      direct — directly — director — direction indirect — indirectly;

      3)      relate — relation — relative — interrelate — interrelated — interrelation;

     4)      develop — developing — developed — underdeveloped — developer — development — developmental;

     5)      view — viewer — review — reviewer — interview — interviewer - viewpoint;

     6)      act — action — interaction — actor — actress — react — reactive - reaction;

     7)      globe — global — globally — globalize — globalization;

     8)      employ — employer — employee — employment — unemployment — unemployed — underemployment.

Reading

3. Read the text and translate it. While reading the text try and find answers to these questions:

1.      What organizations and people serve as middle persons between a country and its visitors?

2.      What factor is known as the multiplier effect?

3.      What international organization is responsible for tourism devel­opment?

WHAT IS TOURISM

Tourism is a dynamic, evolving, consumer-driven force. Tourism is the world's largest industry and employer. It affects other industry sectors, such as public transportation, foodservice, lodging, entertainment, and recreation. In addition, tourism produces secondary impacts on businesses that are affected indirectly, which is known as the multiplier effect. This viewpoint may be correct if all the interrelated components are placed under four headings: travel, lodging, foodservice and recreation.

The development of tourism started before the Industrial Revolu­tion and continued parallel with the improvement of means of transportation: railway, automobile, aircraft, and cruise ships.

Tourism involves international interaction and, therefore, government regulation. Several organizations, such as the World Tourism Organization, are responsible for environmental protection, tourism development, im­migration, and cultural and social aspects of tourism.

Travel agencies, tour operators, travel managers, tour wholesalers, na* tional offices of tourism, and destination management companies serve as middle persoris between a country and its visitors.

The World Travel and Tourism Council declares the travel and tour­ism industry to have the following characteristics:

•         The world's largest industry, with approximately $3.8 trillion in gross output in 1997 and an expected $7.1 trillion by the year 2007;

•         The world's leading industrial contribution, producing more than ten percent of the world's Gross National Product (GNP);

•         A leading producer of tax revenues;

•         Employer of 262 million people, or ten percent of the global workforce;

•         Expected to grow faster than any other sector of world employ­ment.

Given the declining manufacturing and agricultural industries, and in many countries the consequent rise in unemployment, it is to the service industries that world leaders should turn for real strategic employment gains.

Tourism offers the greatest global employment prospects. This trend is caused by the following factors:

1.       The opening of borders;

2.       An increase in disposable income and vacations;

3.       Cheaper and more exclusive flights;

4.       An increase in the number of people with more time and money;

5.       More people with the urge to travel.

 

According to the World Travel and Tourism Council — the industry's Business Leaders forum — tourism and travel generates, directly and indi­rectly, more than ten percent of global gross domestic product (GDP), investment, and employment. It is forecast to grow strongly at 40 to 50 percent in real terms during the next ten years. This means a growth tif nearly 2 million jobs in the United States by 2007. Globally, projections are for 700 million visitor arrivals by 2000 and 1 billion by 2010.

The futurist, John Naisbit, says that the global economy of the twenty-first century will be driven by three super-service industries: tele­communications, information technology, and travel and tourism.

The fact that tourism is expected to grow so rapidly presents both tremendous opportunities and challenges. The good news is the variety of exciting career prospects for today's hospitality and tourism graduates. Tourism, although a mature industry, is a young profession. Careful management of tourism and travel will be necessary to avoid repercussions and negativism toward the 'pesky' tourist-which is already happening to some extent in Europe, where the sheer number of tourists overwhelms attractions and facilities.

There is an interdependency between the various segments of tour­ism, travel, lodging, foodservice, and recreation. Hotel guests need to travel in order to reach the hotel. They eat in nearby restaurants and visit attractions. Each segment is, to an extent, dependent upon another for business.

Vocabulary notes

 

evolving

òîé, ùî áóðõëèâî ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ

consumer-driven

òîé, ùî ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ çà ðàõóíîê ñïîæèâ÷îãî

ïîïèòó

lodging industry

ãîòåëüíà ³íäóñòð³ÿ

to produce secondary impact

 ìàòè íåïðÿìèé âïëèâ

tour wholesaler

 òóðô³ðìà, ùî ïðîïîíóº òóðè çà îïòîâèìè ö³íàìè

entertainment

 ðîçâàãà

multiplier effect

ïîìíîæåíà ä³ÿ

viewpoint

 òî÷êà çîðó, ïîãëÿä

heading

 ðóáðèêà

travel agency

òóðèñòè÷íå áþðî; òóðàãåíòñòâî

tour operator

îðãàí³çàòîð òóðèñòè÷íèõ ïî¿çäîê  

aircraft

 ë³òàê

government regulation

äåðæàâíå ðåãóëþâàííÿ

environmental protection

çàõèñò íàâêîëèøíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà

to decline

çíèæóâàòè, ïåðåæèâàòè ñïàä

middle parson

 

ïîñåðåäíèê

 

global

 

ì³æíàðîäíèé, ñâ³òîâèé

 

manufacturing

 

 ïðîìèñëîâèé

 

agricultural

 

 ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèé

 

workforce

 

ðîáî÷à ñèëà

 

given (smth.)...

 

âðàõîâóþ÷è òîé ôàêò, ùî

 

employment

 

çàéíÿò³ñòü

 

unemployment

 

áåçðîá³òòÿ

 

tax revenues

 

äîõ³ä â³ä ïîäàòê³â

 

disposable income

 

÷èñòèé äîõ³ä (ï³ñëÿ ñïëàòè âñ³õ ïîäàòê³â)

 

gross   domestic (GDP)

product

âàëîâèé âíóòð³øí³é ïðîäóêò (ÂÂÏ)

 

gross   national (GNP)

product

âàëîâèé íàö³îíàëüíèé ïðîäóêò

 

urge

 

íàì³ð, áàæàííÿ

 

investment

 

³íâåñòèö³¿, êàï³òàëîâêëàäåííÿ

 

to forecast

 

ïðîãíîçóâàòè

 

futurist

 

ôóòóðîëîã

 

pesky

 

 äðàòóþ÷èé

 

repercussions (pl.)

 

 íåïðèÿçíà ðåàêö³ÿ

 

negativism

 

 íåãàòèâíå â³äíîøåííÿ

 

Vocabulary focus

4. Match the equivalents:

 

1)

destination

a)

 íåäîðîãèé

2)

number

b)

 êîðäîí

3)

cruise

c)

â³äïóñòêà, êàí³êóëè

4)

border

d)

äîõ³ä, ïðèáóòîê

5)

cheap

e)

 çàë³çíèöÿ

6)

improvement

f)

ïóíêò ïðèçíà÷åííÿ

7)

railway

g)

ïîêðàùåííÿ

8)

9)

10)

income

vacation

during

h)

i­)

j)

 ê³ëüê³ñòü

 ïðîòÿãîì

êðó¿ç

 

5. Match the synonyms:

 

1) business

a)

guest

2) visitor

b)

enterprise

3)  man

c)

consumer

4) border

d)

job

5) work

e)

person

6)  customer

f)

frontier

7)  international

g)

environment

8)  nature

h)

global

9) uige

 i)

next

10) following

j)

wish

 

6. Match the antonyms:

 

1) departure

a)

recreation

2) more

b)

fast

3) slow

c)

visitor

4)  directly

d)

domestic

5)  decrease

e)

unemployment

6) global

f)

indirectly

7) employment

g)

strong

8)  expensive

h)

less

9)  inclusive

i)

cheap

10) business

j)

arrival

11) host

k)

exclusive

12) weak

l)

immigration

13) opening

        m)          closure

14) emigration

n)

increase

 

7. Match the words with their definitions:

 

1) middleman

a) say what will probably happen in the future

2) automobile

b) a period of 365 or 366 days divided into 12 months

3) manager

c) means of transportation using four wheels and an

 

internal-combustion engine

4) income

d) a person who directs the affaires of a business or

 

team of workers

5) tourist

e)  the metal double track for trains to run on

6) domestic

f)   relating to your own or some particular country

7) forecast

g) a person traveling for pleasure

8) protect

h) keep a person or thing from something unpleasant

9) viewpoint

i)   a person or company that buys things from pro-

 

ducers and sells them to customers at a profit

10) destination

j)   money which you receive, usually payment for work

11) ship

k) a large boat for carrying people and things on the sea

12) railway

1)   your general opinions and way of thinking about something

13) year

m) the place where someone or something is going

14) pesky

n) annoying and boring

 

Comprehension

8. Answer the questions on the text:

1.   When did the development of tourism begin?

     2.   How did the improvement of means of transportation influence tourism?

3.   What other industry sectors does tourism affect?

     4.   Why do you think the author considers tourism to.be a consumer-driven force?

5.   What, in your opinion, makes tourism the world's largest industry?

     6.   What three industries will the global economy of the twenty-first
century be driven by?

7.      What will the growth of tourism result in?

8.      Why do repercussions and negativism toward the 'pesky' tourist sometimes take place in Europe?

9.      What are the main segments of tourism?

10.  How are these segments interrelated?

11.  Who is responsible for environmental protection and social as­pects of tourism?

12.  Why should world leaders turn to the service industries for real strategic employment gains?

9. Complete the sentences using proper words and phrases in the box below.

1.   Tourism is the world's __________ and employer.

2.    An increase in the number of people with more time and money has contributed to____ .

3.       Such industry sectors as_________  are greatly affected by tourism.

4.       Tourism  _________    government regulation.

5.    A number of international organizations are __________environmental protection and tourism development.

6.   Tourism produces secondary impacts on _________,

 

responsible for; various businesses; tourism development; largest industry; involves; public transportation and foodservice

 

10. State whether the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones.

1.       Tourism is a mature industry but a fairly young profession.

2.       Tourism is not expected to grow very rapidly.

3.       The development of tourism started after the Industrial Revolution.

4.       There is a great variety of exciting career prospects for today's hospitality and tourism graduates.

5.       The global economy of the 21st century will also be driven by tourism.

6.       Tourism involves international interaction and does not need any government regulation.

Discussion

11. Try to evaluate the situation of the tourism industry in today's Russia using the following words and phrases:

•         the development of tourism started long before...;

•         not among the largest Russia's industries;

•         so far

•         only two percent of GDP;

•         declining manufacturing and agricultural industries;

•         dynamic;

•         evolving;

•         consumer-driven;

•         force;

•         globalization

•         opening of borders;

•         to affect other industry sectors;

•         public transportation;

•         foodservice;

•         lodging;                                     

•         entertainment and recreation;

•         to produce secondary impacts on various businesses;

•         travel agency;

•         tour operator;

•         destination;

•         domestic;

•         global;

•         exciting career prospects;

•         today's hospitality and tourism graduates;

•         travel manager;

•         tour wholesaler;

•         national offices of tourism.

After having done the task describe the situation of the tourism, industry in detail.

12. Work in pairs:

a)     Look at the following words and phrases and think of a story
that might combine them all. You may reorder them in any way
you like using any form of the verb:

•        a new travel agency has just been started;

•        target clientele;

•        served as a middle person between a country and its visitors;

•        to reach their destination;

•        a certain rise in unemployment;

•        affects our potential customers;

•        borders have long been opened;

•        greatest employment prospects;

•        will work at a profit.

b)     When you have decided upon the story, tell it to your partner.
Then listen to that of your partner. Ask each other as many
questions as you can to learn further details or clarify some
points.

 

13. Entitle the paragraphs beginning with the words:

Tourism is a dynamic...

The fact that tourism...

 

14. Divide the text into other logical parts and entitle each of them.

15. Give a summary of the text.