UNIT 1

DEFINITION OF TOURISM

Pre-reading

1. Read and translate the following international words:

physical                         market                            constantly

associate                        individual                       attraction

gracious                         definition                        practitioner

culture                            state                               consultant

nation                             function                           theatrical

mass                               categorize                       industry

group                              official                              motive

2. Read and translate the following groups of words derived from a common root:

1)      tour — tourist — touristy — tourer — tourism — ecotourism;

   2)      person — persona — personal — impersonal — personally — per­sonality — personification — personify — personalize — personnel;

   3)      busy — business – business-man business-woman — business-person — businesslike;

   4)      differ — different — indifferent — differentiate — differential — difference — indifference;

   5)      define — definite — definitely — definitive — definition — in­definite—indefinitely;

   6)      please — pleasure — pleasurable — pleased — unpleased — dis­pleased — displeasure;

   7)      nation — national — nationally — international — nationalize — nationality — nationalist;

   8)             develop — developer — developed — development develop­mental — developmentally.

Reading

3. Read the text and translate it. While reading the text try and find answers to these questions:

1.      When did the word tourism appear in the English language?

2.      What was the word tour previously associated with?

3.      How can tourism disturb a national culture?

 

DEFINITION OF TOURISM

The word tourism did not appear in the English language until the early nineteenth century. The word tour was more closely associated with the idea of a voyage or perhaps a theatrical tour than with the idea of an individual 'traveling for pleasure purposes, which is the accepted use of the word today/ Webster's Tenth Collegiate Dictionary defines a tourist z& 'one that makes a tour for pleasure or culture'.

Tourism can be defined as the science, art, and business of attracting and transporting visitors, accommodating them, and graciously catering to their needs and wants. A tourist, by United Nations (U.N.) definition, is a person who stays for more than one night and less than a year. Busi­ness and convention travel is included in this definition.

For many developing nations, tourism represents a relatively high percentage of gross national product and an easy way of gaining a bal­ance of trade with other nations.

Tourism means different things to different people. For example, a hotelier might say that tourism is wonderful because it brings guests who fill rooms and restaurants. However, a government official might define it as the economic benefit of more money coming into the country, state, or city. Tourism can also be defined as the idea of attracting, accommo­dating, and pleasing groups or individuals traveling for pleasure or busi­ness. In order to simplify tourism, it is sometimes categorized in terms of the following factors:

Geography:  International,  regional,  national,  state,  provincial, country, city.

Ownership:   Government, quasi-government, private.

Function:  Regulators, suppliers, marketers, developers, consult­ants, researchers, educators, publishers, professional associations, trade organizations, consumer organiza­tions.

Industry:  Transportation (air, bus, rail, auto, cruise), travel agents, tour wholesalers, lodging, attractions, recreation.

Motive:  Profit or nonprofit.

So, as it is clearly seen, tourism can be categorized by — geography, ownership, function, industry, and travel motive.

Industry practitioners use these categories to identify and interact with the various industry sectors and organizations involved with tourism.

Physical needs, the desire to experience other cultures, and an inter­est in meeting new people are some of the motives people have when they travel. Because of flexible work hours, early retirement, and the easy accessibility of traveling, tourism is constantly growing.

From a social and cultural perspective, tourism can further interna­tional understanding and economically improve a poor country. How­ever, it can also disturb a culture by confronting it with mass tourism, causing the destruction of natural sites. A trend in avoiding tourism pol­lution is ecotourism.

Vocabulary notes

 

 

to gain	досягати
hotelier	власник готелю, його управляючий
to fill	наповнювати, заповнювати
official	чиновник
marketer	специаліст по маркетингу
supplier	постачальник
nonprofit	некомерційний
state	штат
ownership	власність
in terms (of smth.)	з точки зору
government	державний
quasi-government	за часткової участі державних структур
private	приватний
industry sector	галузь промисловості
accessibility	доступність
to experience	ознайомитися
to be involved (with smth.)	бути пов’язаним (з чимось)
flexible work hours	гнучкий робочий графік
retirement	пенсія
to further	сприяти подальшому розвитку
to disturb	заважати, перешкоджати
destruction	руйнування, знищення
natural site	заповідник
trend	тенденція; основний напрям
to avoid	уникати
pollution	забруднення
ecotourism	екотуризм

 

Vocabulary focus

 

4 4. Match the equivalents:
1) room	а)   викликати, спричиняти
2) wonderful	Ь)  представляти
3) balance	с) номер в готелі
4) grow	d)  чудовий
5)  constantly	е)  рости, збільшуватися
6)  cause	f)  рівновага
7) use	g)  використання
8)  represent	h) постійно
9) benefit	i)    спрощувати
10) simplify	j)    користь, вигода
5 5.5. Match the synonyms:
1) voyage	a) benefit
2)  rich	b) travel
3) various	c)  formal
4)  easy	d) some
5) profit	e)  continuously
6) several	f)   different
7)  official	g)  simple
8) constantly	h) well-off
9) grow	i)   international
10) global	j)   increase

 

6. Match the antonyms:

 

1)	early	a)	new
2)	old	b)	late
3)	disturb	c)	business
4)	pleasure	d)	further
5)	difficult	e)	easy
6)	less	f)	day
7)	night	g)	more
8)	high	h)	low
9)	improve	i)	poor
10)	well-off	j)	worsen
11)	close	k)	far-off

 

7. Match the words with their definitions:

 

1)      cater	a)      concerning the body rather than the mind
2)      ecotourism	b)      the business for providing holidays for tourists
3)      motel	c)      a journey on a ship for pleasure, especially one that involves visiting a series of places
4)      physical	d)     provide people with something they want or need, especially something unusual or special
5)      tour	e)      a building where you pay to stay in a room and have meals
6)      hotel	f)       someone who is paying money to stay at a hotel or eat in a restaurant
7)      guest	g)      the business of creating and selling holidays that give people the chance to learn about a natural envi­ronment and cause as little damage to the environment as possible
8)      cruise	h)      a journey during which several places are visited
9)      tourism	i)        a hotel for people who are traveling by car
10)  manager	j)        the dark part of each day, when the sun cannot be seen
11)  night	k)      someone whose job is to organize and control the work of a business or organization or a part of it

Comprehension

8. Answer the questions on the text:

What is a modern definition of the term tourist!

How can tourism be defined?

What is a United Nations definition of the term tourisf.

What does tourism represent for developing nations?

What various things may the word tourism mean to different people?

Why does word tourism mean different things to different people?

In what terms can tourism be categorized?

How can tourism improve a poor country's economy?

What factors contribute to the constant growing of tourism?

What factors contribute to the constant growing of tourism?

What kind of tourism can prevent the destruction and pollution of natural sites? Why?

9. Complete the sentences using proper words and phrases in the box:

 

1.   Tourism is constantly growing due to the easy_ of traveling.

2.      Developing nations can easily gain _____ with other nations via tourism.

3.      Tourism means attracting, accommodating, and pleasing    traveling for pleasure or culture.

4.   The desire to experience_____ is one of the motives people have when they travel.

5.      Tourism can economically improve_____ .

6.      For Russia, ______  represents a very low percentage of gross national product.

10. State whether the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones.

1.       Ecotourism causes the destruction or pollution of natural sites.

2.       Tourism brings guests who fill rooms and restaurants.

3.       Tourism is involved with various industry sectors and organizations.

4.       Most tourists are persons who travel for business.

5.       Mass tourism can cause the destruction of natural sites.

6.       Due to tourism more money comes into a country or city.

7.   For many developed nations, tourism represents a relatively high
percentage of gross national product.

Discussion

11. Give a definition of the tern tourism using the following words and phrases:

-          traveling for pleasure purposes	-          the accepted use of the word today
-          business and convention travel	-          to travel for pleasure or business
-          to include	-          to categorize
-          in terms of	-          factor
-          to attract	-          to accommodate
-          group	-          individual
-          trend	- to avoid tourism pollution
-          ecotourism	- industry

 

After having done the task describe the travel and tourism industry in detail.

 

12. Entitle the paragraph beginning with the words:

Tourism means different...

 

13. Divide the text into other logical parts and entitle each erf them.

 

14. Give a summary of the text.