UNIT 6

PLEASURE TRAVEL

 

Pre-reading

1. Read and translate the following international words:

 

associate	nature	folklore
state	national	prestige
relative	park	culture
social	psycho	sport
motivation	psychocentric	resident
extreme	prefer	variety
adventure	stability	aspect
hierarchy	order

2. Read and translate the following groups of words derived from; a common root:

1)   motive — motiveless — motivate — motivated — motivator — motivation — motivational;

2)    reason — reasonable — unreasonable — reasonably — reasonability;

3)      please — pleasure — pleasurable — pleased — unpleased — dis pleased — displeasure;

4)      employ — employer — employee — employable — employment — employed — unemployment — unemployed;

5)      person — persona — personal — impersonal — personally — pel sonality — personification — personify — personalize — personnel;

6)      psyche — psycho — psychiatrist — psychiatric — psychobentric — psychology — psychological — psychologist;

7)      produce— product — productive — unproductive — productive ness — productivity.

 

Reading

3. Read the text and translate it. While reading the text try and find answers to these questions:

1.      What part of U.S. domestic travel is for pleasure purposes?

2.      Whom do nearly half of all the pleasure travelers visit?

3.      What two extremes can travelers be separated into?

 

PLEASURE TRAVEL

There are many reasons why people travel, however they fall under two main headings: 'travel for pleasure' and 'ravel for business'. Research indi­cates that when consumers are asked what they associate most with success and accomplishment, the number one response is 'travel for pleasure'.

Among the reasons why people travel for pleasure are the following:

 

1.	Visiting friends and relatives	9.   Shopping
2.	Health	10. Fun of the trip
3.	Enlightenment, education	11. Gaming
4.	Beauty, nature, and national parks	12. Adventure
5.	Religion	13. Heritage
6.	Indulgence	14. Ecotourism
7.	Sports	15. Attractions
8.	Festivals

 

Sixty-nine percent of domestic travel is for pleasure purposes. Ap­proximately 636.4 million person-trips were taken for pleasure during 1998, according to the United States Travel Data Center's (USTDC) national travel survey. Nearly half of all the pleasure travelers visited friends and relatives. Stanley Plog, a respected social scientist, has sug­gested that travelers can be separated into two extremes: (1) psychocen-trics, who prefer familiar travel destinations, and (2) allocentrics, who prefer new and different destinations.

The motivation for pleasure travel can be compared to Maslow's hi­erarchy of human needs. Maslow suggests that people have five sets of basic needs:

1.      physiological needs: food, water, oxygen, sex, etc.;

2.      safety needs: security, stability, order, protection;

3.       love needs: affection, identification, belonging (family and friends);

4.       esteem needs: self-respect, prestige, success, achievement;

5.       self-actualization needs: self-fulfillment.

Some people in their late teens and early twenties may be sun, sand and sea travelers — the spring break variety. Others may be more interested in the cultural and sporting activities associated with travel — or even the educational aspects.

McІntosh and Charles R. Goeldner suggest that basic travel motivations can be divided into four categories:

1.       Physical motivator: physical rest, sporting, and beach activities healthful and relaxing entertainment;

2.       Cultural motivator: the desire for knowledge of other countries - music, art, folklore, dances, paintings, and religion;

3.       Interpersonal motivator: the desire to meet new people; to visi friends or relatives; to escape from the routine, the family, or the neighbor; or to make new friends;

4.       Status and prestige motivator: the desire fpr recognition, attention appreciation, and a good reputation.

When surveyed, people tend to list the following reasons for travel:

•       to experience new and different surroundings;

•       to experience other cultures;

•       to rest and relax;

•       to visit friends and family;

•       to view, or participate, in sporting / recreational activities.

Travel is likely to increase in the coming years, which will have a significant impact on tourism. Some of the reasons for the anticipated increases are as follows:

•       Longer Life Span. The average person in the United States nq has a life expectancy of about seventy-five years. In fact, in jus^j few years, some baby boomers will be taking early retirement;

•       Flexible Working Hours. Today, many people work four ten-hoj days and have longer weekends. Of course, many others — especially in the hospitality and tourism industries - work on wee ends and have leisure time during the week;

•       Early Retirement. Increasingly, people are being given the opportunity to retire at age fifty-five. This early retirement is generai granted to employees with thirty years of service to their company or governmental agency;

•       Greater Ease of Travel. Today, it is easier to travel on holidays and weekends, for both business and leisure purposes. Each mode of travel affords increasing opportunities to take advantage of the additional leisure time;

•       Tendency to Take Shorter, More Frequent Trips. People now tend to take shorter, but more frequent, mini-vacations rather than taking all of their vacation time at once. Europeans generally take much longer vacation than North Americans. For them, four weeks is the normal vacation benefit of new employees, and six weeks is typical after a few years;

•       Increase in the Standard of Living. More people in many developing countries have increased their income and wish to travel. China, with its new found enterprise zones is producing hundreds of thousands of entrepreneurs who will soon be traveling to foreign countries. Millions of East European residents of the former Soviet Block countries now have the capability and the right to travel. And finally, an additional 300 million people will soon have passports.

 

Vocabulary notes

heading	рубрика
to associate	асоціювати
accomplishment	досягнення, успіх
relative	рідня
indulgence	потакання своїм бажанням
basic need	основна потреба
belonging	почуття  спільності, колективізму
to escape	ухилятися, уникати
person-trips	к-сть подорожей на одну людину
respected	авторитетний, визнаний
social scientist	соціолог
to be in one's late teens	18—19 років
to be in one's early twenties	трохи більше 20  років
spring break	тижневі шкільні чи студентські канікули в березні-квітні
survey	дослідження (соціологічне)
to survey	досліджувати, опитувати
anticipated	прогнозований, очікуваний
to take advantage (of smth.)	скористатися перевагою
life expectancy	середня  тривалість життя
baby boomer	представник покоління, що народилося
	під час сплеску народжуваності
	(після Другої свівої війни)
educational	освітній
newfound	ті, що недавно виникли
standard of living	рівень життя
resident	житель, громадянин
former	колишній
capability	потенційня можливість, здатність
right	право
passport	закордонний  паспорт

 

Vocabulary focus

4. Match the words with their translations:

1) foreign	a)	приймати участь
2) hospitality	b)	гостинність
3) likely	c)	добре знайомий
4) enlightenment	d)	вероятно
5) beach	e)	частий
6) participate	f)	надавати
7) wish	g)	в цілому
8)  reason	h)	причина
9) generally	i)	бажання
10) familiar	j)	просвіта
11) frequent	k)	інформація
12) grant	l)	пляж
13) data	m)	зарубіжний

 

5. Match each word on the left with the correct definition on the right:

1)  employee		a) something that needs a lot of skill and energy
		to achieve, especially something that you ha
		never done before and will enjoy doing
2)	ecotourism	b) a person who uses money to start businesses and make business deals
3)	weekend	c) the business of creating and selling holidays that give people the chance to learn about a natural environment and cause as little damage to the environment as possible
4)	routine	d) your usual way of doing things, especially when you do them in a fixed order at the same time
5)	spring break	e)  a person who works for someone else
6)	purpose	f) the time when you stop working, especially  because you have reached the age when you are  officially too old to work
7)	retirement	g) a short holiday from school or college that lasts for a week in March or April
8)	challenge	h) the aim that someone wants to achieve, or that something is intended to achieve
9)	entrepreneur	i)   Saturday and Sunday

 

6. Match the synonyms:

1) nation	a)	accomplishment
2)  achievement	b)	country
3)  nearly	c)	approximately
4) grant	d)	usual
5) benefit	e)	picture
6)  business	f)	different
7)  various	g)	entrepreneur
8)  normal	h)	give
9)  painting	i)	holiday
10) vacation	j)	advantage

 

7. Match the antonyms:

1)	domestic	a)	atheistic
2)	psychocentric	b)	loss
3)	private	c)	foreign
4)	exactly	d)	old
5)	new	e)	benefit
6)	disadvantage	f)	nearly
7)	decrease	g)	increase
8)	failure	h)	death
9)	early	i)	governmental
10)	physical	J)	mental
11)	income	k)	success
12)	life	1)	late
13)	religious	m)	allocentric

 

Comprehension

8. Answer the questions on the text:

     1.   What do most consumers associate success and accomplishing with? Why?

2.      What can the motivation for pleasure travel be compared to?

3.      What basic human needs does the Maslow hierarchy include?

4.      Why is travel likely to increase in thй coming years?

5.      What are the main reasons for pleasure traveling?

6.      What travel destinations do psychocentrics prefer?

7.      What travel destinations do allocentrics prefer?

8.      What activities may people in their teens be interested in?

9.      Do employees in the hospitality and tourism industries have mlonger weekends?

10.  Why do more people in developing countries wish to travel?

 

9. Complete the sentences using proper words and phrases in the box.

     1.  The average American now has ____________        of about seventy-five years.

         2. People now__________  taking shorter, but more frequent, mini-vacations.

         3. The two main reasons _____________   fall under two main headings: ‘travel for pleasure' and 'travel for business'.

         4.Today, some people are being given the opportunity _____ at ge fifty-five.

5.____________ Travelers     intp two extremes: psychocentrics and allo-centrics.

6. People often travel on holidays and weekends for both __________ purposes.

10. State whether the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones.

1.   Americans generally take much longer vacations than Europeans.

2.   In Europe, six weeks is the normal vacation benefit of new em­ployees.

3.   Success and accomplishment are often associated with 'travel for pleasure'.

4.   Allocentrics prefer familiar travel destinations.

5.   To experience other cultures travelers go to foreign countries.

6.   All people including travelers have four sets of basic needs.

7.   Sixty-nine percent of Americans travel for pleasure purposes.

8.   Hundreds of thousands of Chinese businessmen will soon be trav­eling abroad.

9.   People now tend to take all of their vacation time at once rather lhan taking shorter, but more frequent, mini-vacations.

Discussion

 

11. State the purpose of two travelers' flying to Mexico on the basis of the information below. The following words and phrases will come in handy:

•         Russian students;

•         in their late teens;

•         to prefer;

•         to escape from the routine;

•         to escape from the family;

•         the desire to meet new people;

•         to make new friends;

•         a new and different travel destination;

•         to experience another culture;

•         to be sun, sand, and sea travelers;

•         to be interested in the cultural and sporting activities;

•         the educational aspects.

 

12. Work in pairs:

a) Look at the following words and phrases and think of a story that might combine them all. You may reorder them in any way you like using any form of the verb:

•         had booked two tickets well in advance;

•         took all of their vacation time at once;

•         domestic flight;

•         Kamchatka;

•         volcanoes and geysers [vәl'kemәu] ['gaizә];

•         took advantage of the additional leisure time;

•         escaped from the routine;

•         to visit friends and relatives;

•         to rest and relax;

•         traveled for pleasure purposes;

•         experienced new and different surroundings.

 

b) When you have decided upon the story, tell it to your partner. Then listen to that of your partner. Ask each other as many ques­tions as you can to team further details or clarify some points.

13. Entitle the paragraphs beginning with the words:

 

The motivation for pleasure travel...

Mcintosh and Charles...

Travel is likely to increase...

14.  Divide the text into other logical parts and entitle each of them.

15.  Give a summary of the text.